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Oxfordshire is a county in Central England known for its rich history, beautiful countryside, and significant academic and cultural contributions. The county is home to the University of Oxford, one of the most prestigious universities in the world, which has a profound influence on the area. The architecture of Oxford is iconic, with its historic colleges, libraries, and museums. In addition to Oxford, the county boasts picturesque towns and villages like Woodstock, home to Blenheim Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill. The Cotswolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, extends into Oxfordshire, offering rolling hills, scenic walks, and charming villages built from honey-coloured limestone.

Towns and cities

Oxford:

The county town and a global centre of education, known for the University of Oxford. It has a rich cultural heritage, historic architecture, and numerous museums and galleries. University of Oxford, Radcliffe Camera, Bodleian Library, Ashmolean Museum.

Banbury:

A market town located in the north of Oxfordshire, known for its historic market and as a gateway to the Cotswolds. Banbury Cross, the historic market, and the nearby Cotswold countryside.

Bicester:

A town in the north-east of Oxfordshire, known for its shopping outlets and proximity to the Bicester Village shopping centre. Bicester Village, Garth Park, and the town’s historical architecture.

Abingdon-on-Thames:

A historic town situated on the River Thames, known for its charming town centre and historical buildings. Abingdon Abbey, the River Thames, and the Abingdon County Hall Museum.

Henley-on-Thames:

A picturesque town on the River Thames, famous for its rowing regatta and beautiful riverside setting. Henley Royal Regatta, the River Thames, and the town’s historic centre.

Witney:

A market town located in the west of Oxfordshire, known for its wool trade history and charming market square. Witney Blanket Hall, the Church of St. Mary, and the local markets.

Didcot:

A town in the south of Oxfordshire, known for its railway heritage and as a growing commuter town. Didcot Railway Centre, the Orchard Centre, and nearby science and innovation hubs.

Chipping Norton:

A small market town located in the Cotswolds, known for its historic buildings and local shops. The historic town centre, local markets, and surrounding Cotswold countryside.

Thame:

A historic market town located in the east of Oxfordshire, known for its traditional market and historic buildings. Thame Market, St. Mary's Church, and the town’s charming streets.

Wallingford:

A market town on the River Thames, known for its historical significance and medieval architecture. Wallingford Castle, the River Thames, and the town’s historical centre.

Carterton:

A town in the west of Oxfordshire, known for its growth and modern amenities. Carterton Leisure Centre and nearby countryside.

Area

2,610 sq. km / 1,007 sq. miles

Population

695,000 (2022)

Topography

Oxfordshire is bordered by several counties: Warwickshire to the north, Northamptonshire to the north-east, Buckinghamshire to the east, Berkshire to the south, Wiltshire to the south-west, and Gloucestershire to the west. The county spans an area of about 1,006 square miles (2,606 square kilometres). The landscape of Oxfordshire is diverse, with the rolling hills of the Cotswolds in the west, the flat and fertile Vale of White Horse in the south, and the Chiltern Hills to the east. The River Thames, one of the most famous rivers in England, flows through the southern part of the county, contributing to its scenic beauty and recreational opportunities.

The Ridgeway

One of the oldest and most famous walking routes in England, often referred to as "Britain's oldest road." It stretches across the south of England and has been used for over 5,000 years, dating back to prehistoric times. The Ridgeway begins at Overton Hill near Avebury in Wiltshire, close to the famous Avebury Stone Circle, travels through Oxfordshire and finishes at Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire, a prominent hill in the Chiltern Hills.

Commerce

Oxfordshire has a diverse and thriving economy. Historically, agriculture was the backbone of the county’s economy, and while it still plays a role today, the region has expanded into various other sectors.

Education:

The University of Oxford is not only an educational institution but also a major employer and contributor to the local economy. The university, along with other educational institutions in the county, attracts students and academics from around the globe.

Science and Technology:

Oxfordshire is home to a number of science and technology companies, particularly in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and information technology. The Oxford Science Park and the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus are notable hubs for research and development.

Publishing:

Oxford has a long history in the publishing industry, with Oxford University Press being one of the oldest and largest publishing houses in the world.

Tourism:

The county’s rich history, beautiful landscapes, and cultural attractions make tourism a significant part of the economy. Visitors flock to Oxford to see the historic university buildings, museums, and libraries, as well as the scenic countryside and charming villages.

Automotive Industry:

Oxfordshire is also known for its connection to the automotive industry, particularly with BMW’s Mini plant located in Cowley, Oxford.

Famous people

William Davenant, Flora Thompson, Winston Churchill, William Morris, J.R.R. Tolkien: The author of "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" lived in Oxford while teaching at the university. Lewis Carroll: The creator of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" was a mathematician at Christ Church College. Thomas Harriot, Stephen Hawking

Attractions

History

Oxfordshire has a rich historical background, dating back to prehistoric times. Evidence of Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements can be found in the area, along with several Iron Age hill forts. The Romans also left their mark on the region, with remains of Roman villas and roads scattered across the county. The county's name derives from its capital, Oxford, which means "Ford of the Oxen" (a ford is a shallow crossing point in a river). The city of Oxford was founded in the 8th century and became an important centre for trade and religion during the medieval period. The University of Oxford, established in the 12th century, has played a pivotal role in the city’s and the county’s history, attracting scholars and students from around the world. During the English Civil War (1642–1651), Oxfordshire was a key battleground, with Oxford serving as the Royalist capital. Several historic buildings and sites from this period remain, including the impressive Oxford Castle.

Culture

Oxfordshire boasts a wealth of cultural and historical attractions:

Oxford:

The city is famous for its stunning university buildings, including the Radcliffe Camera, the Bodleian Library, and Christ Church College, which has been featured in many films, including the Harry Potter series. The Ashmolean Museum, the world’s first university museum, houses an impressive collection of art and antiquities.

Blenheim Palace:

Located in Woodstock, this UNESCO World Heritage site is the birthplace of Sir Winston Churchill. The palace, set in beautiful parkland, is a masterpiece of Baroque architecture and is open to the public for tours and events.

Cotswolds:

The western part of Oxfordshire includes part of the Cotswolds, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty known for its picturesque villages, rolling hills, and honey-coloured stone cottages.

Henley-on-Thames:

This historic town on the River Thames is famous for the Henley Royal Regatta, one of the most prestigious rowing events in the world. The town also boasts beautiful riverside walks and a charming market town atmosphere.

White Horse Hill:

Located in the Vale of White Horse, this site features the Uffington White Horse, a prehistoric hill figure carved into the chalk downs. The area offers stunning views and is steeped in legend and folklore.

Great Tew:

Stunning village located in the Cotswolds, in Oxfordshire, England. Known for its charming stone cottages, beautiful countryside, and rich history, Great Tew is a popular destination for visitors seeking a quintessentially English village experience. The village is characterized by its Cotswold stone buildings, with many homes dating back to the 17th and 18th centuries. The traditional architecture contributes to its picturesque appeal. Great Tew has a rich history, with evidence of settlement dating back to ancient times. The village features historical buildings and sites, including St. Michael’s Church, which has parts that date back to the 12th century.

Bicester Village:

This popular shopping destination is known for its high-end designer outlets and attracts visitors from far and wide. Oxfordshire hosts numerous events and festivals throughout the year, catering to a wide range of interests.

Mapledurham Watermill:

A mill has existed at Mapledurham since at least the Domesday Book in 1086, which recorded mills in the area. The existing mill building dates to around 1585, though it has been modified and restored over the centuries. The watermill gained fame after being featured in the 1976 World War II film "The Eagle Has Landed", starring Michael Caine and Donald Sutherland. The film used the mill and the surrounding village as a backdrop, and it has since become a tourist attraction for fans of the movie. The mill was however previously used on the cover of Black Sabbath’s debut album in 1970

Oxford Literary Festival:

A celebration of literature, this event attracts writers, poets, and readers from around the world.

Henley Royal Regatta:

A world-famous rowing event held on the River Thames, attracting competitors and spectators alike.

Cowley Road Carnival:

A vibrant and multicultural street festival held in Oxford, featuring music, dance, and food from around the world.

Blenheim Horse Trials:

A prestigious equestrian event held at Blenheim Palace, drawing top riders from around the globe.

Education

The University of Oxford is undoubtedly the crown jewel of Oxfordshire's educational landscape. It is one of the oldest universities in the world, with roots going back to the 12th century. The university is made up of 39 colleges, each with its own history and traditions. Oxford's alumni include numerous famous figures, including 28 British prime ministers, over 50 Nobel laureates, and countless other influential leaders, writers, scientists, and thinkers. In addition to the university, Oxfordshire has a range of other educational institutions, including Oxford Brookes University, which is known for its strong programs in various fields, including architecture, business, and health care.

Transport

Oxfordshire is well-connected by road, rail, and air:

Road:

The M40 motorway runs through the county, providing a direct link to London and the Midlands. The A34 connects Oxfordshire with the South Coast and the North.

Rail:

Oxford is a major railway hub, with frequent services to London (Paddington and Marylebone), Birmingham, and other parts of the UK. The new East West Rail project aims to further improve rail connections between Oxfordshire and neighbouring counties.

Air:

While Oxfordshire doesn't have a major airport, London Heathrow is easily accessible from the county. There are also smaller airports, such as London Oxford Airport, which handles private and charter flights.

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